What are the nine cultural dimensions of the GLOBE model?

The nine cultural dimension of the GLOBE model are:

1. Assertiveness: The degree to which individuals are courageous, forceful, dominant, confrontational, or demanding in relationships with others.

2. Collectivism–group: The degree to which individuals express and show pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness to their organizations or families.

3. Collectivism–societal: The degree to which organizational and societal institutional (such as government) practices encourage and reward collective (joint) distribution of resources (such as under socialism) and collective action.

4. Future orientation: The degree to which a society encourages and rewards behaviors such as planning, investing in the future, and delaying gratification.

5. Gender egalitarianism: The degree to which a society minimizes differential treatment between men and women, such as through equal opportunity based on ability and performance.

6. Humane orientation: The degree to which a society or organization encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind to others.

7. Performance orientation: The degree to which a society encourages and rewards group members for performance improvement, excellence, high standards, and innovation.

8. Power distance: The degree to which members of a society accept and endorse the equal (lower power distance) or unequal (higher power distance) distribution of authority, control, and status privileges (such as a class structure).

9. Uncertainty avoidance: The degree to which a society, organization, or group relies on social norms, formal rules, and formal procedures to alleviate the unpredictability of future events.

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